Kastoria is a picturesque city located in northern Greece, in the region of Western Macedonia. Nestled on a peninsula that juts into Lake Orestiada (or Lake Kastoria), the city is renowned for its natural beauty, historic charm, and traditional architecture. Here are some key aspects of Kastoria:
1. Geography and Scenery
- Lake Orestiada: Kastoria is surrounded by Lake Orestiada, which gives the city a serene and almost dreamlike setting. The lake is one of the major attractions, offering scenic views, walking paths, and opportunities for boat rides. Its waters reflect the surrounding mountains, making the area especially photogenic in autumn and winter when the landscapes are often snow-capped.
- Mountains: The city is also surrounded by mountains, contributing to its cool climate in the winter and mild summers. The rugged landscape around the lake makes it a haven for nature lovers, hikers, and photographers.
2. History
- Ancient Roots: Kastoria has a long history dating back to ancient times. It is believed to have been named after either the Greek word for beaver (“kastor”) or from Castor, one of the mythological Dioscuri twins. The city played a significant role during the Byzantine period.
- Byzantine Influence: During the Byzantine era, Kastoria became a notable religious and administrative center. The city is known for its many Byzantine churches, many of which still stand today, adorned with stunning frescoes and mosaics. This gives the city a rich cultural and architectural heritage.
- Ottoman Era: Under Ottoman rule, Kastoria became an important trading center, particularly for fur trade, a tradition that persists today.
3. Architecture
- Byzantine Churches: Kastoria is famous for its over 70 Byzantine and post-Byzantine churches. Notable examples include the Church of St. Athanasius and the Church of the Virgin Mary Mavriotissa, which date back to the 10th and 11th centuries.
- Traditional Mansions: The city’s neighborhoods, particularly Doltso and Apozari, are filled with traditional 17th- and 18th-century mansions, built by wealthy fur traders. These mansions are characterized by stone foundations and wooden upper stories, with elaborately decorated interiors.
- Neoclassical Influence: In addition to the older traditional houses, the city also boasts neoclassical buildings from the 19th and early 20th centuries, adding to its architectural diversity.
4. Fur Trade Legacy
- Kastoria has been known since Byzantine times for its fur production, particularly beaver pelts. The fur trade flourished during the Ottoman period and made the city prosperous. Even today, Kastoria remains one of the leading fur-producing cities in the world, although environmental and animal rights concerns have caused the industry to decline in recent years.